Automobiles, also known as cars, are a ubiquitous part of the world’s daily life. These vehicles are self-propelled and powered by a liquid petroleum fuel (gasoline or diesel). The modern automobile is usually driven by a water-cooled piston-type internal combustion engine that drives either the front wheels or all four wheels of the vehicle, depending on the model.
The first automobiles were developed in the late 19th century. They were designed to replace horse-drawn carriages. The development of the automobile was a boon to society and opened up new economic opportunities for industries that produced car parts and services like gas stations. The automobile also gave people a sense of freedom and allowed them to travel longer distances. For example, with a car one could easily move to another city or country for work, or to visit family and friends in distant locations.
By the 1920s automobiles had overtaken the streets and highways of Europe and the United States. This was due to the innovation of mass production techniques by American automaker Henry Ford and a sharp decrease in the price of his Model T, which brought it within the reach of middle class families.
Despite all the advantages of automobiles, in the 1960s concerns began to surface about their non-functional design and their fuel consumption. With escalating gasoline prices and dwindling oil reserves, these issues caused concern about automobiles’ impact on the environment. This resulted in government regulations to improve safety, reduce emissions, and lower the fuel usage of automobiles.